Because of difficulty in inspection and retrofit of foundation in comparison with other elements, the common design philosophy is to avoid any nonlinear deformation in the foundation. This paper shows that by employing controlled foundation nonlinearity, in predetermined sections with arrangements for inspection and retrofit, it is possible to reduce seismic demand on Superstructure. Localizing nonlinear deformation to pre-specified zones in the foundation, it is possible to avoid wide spread nonlinear deformation across various members in the Superstructure in the case of strong ground motions. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed Model, the response of steel braced frames is examined on rigid foundation, rocking elastic foundation and finally on rocking foundation with controlled nonlinear deformation. Results show that while rocking could be used to protect the Superstructure elements from possible overloading during large earthquakes for low-rise structures; it has no remarkable effect on the response of high-rise structures. However, the proposed Model with nonlinearity in the foundation could be used in both cases (low-rise and high-rise structures) to effectively control the response of structure.

Formation of polymer/CNT nanocomposites enhances the physical and mechanical properties of polymer matrices. Basically, the mechanical properties are investigated by means of polymer/filler interactions. The other properties such as the rheological and electrical properties are examined by particle distribution and dispersion in the polymer matrices. Due to the variety of industrial applications of polyurethane and the need to improve their properties, in the current work, the improvements of PTMEG with carbon nanotubes have been studied. The particles were acid treated in a mixture of sulfuric/nitric acid, providing uniform dispersion of the nanotubes in the polymer matrix. The rheological measurements have been used to obtain the optimum degree of MWCNT dispersion, and the formation of nanoparticles Superstructure were quantified by two percolation thresholds (F*, F**) at low deformation rates. The critical percolation for PTMEG/MWCNT was estimated at 0.25-0.5 wt%. A significant improvement in the rheological characteristics was observed due to the agglomeration of particles at F* and continuous network of clusters at F**. The interfacial interaction of composites was also measured by means of relaxation time spectra and showed high improvement at F** (0.5 wt%).Considering the FE-SEM images of specimens, it was found that there is a nanotube network or cluster agglomeration at the concentration 0.75 wt% of MWCNT in the polymeric matrix.

Helideck design is one of the main objects in the naval vessel design process. Despite structural constraints that affect the flight deck of the helicopter takeoff and landing performance is on board these vessels. There's hanger or any other structure in front of the flight deck will cause turbulent flow through to flight deck then the floating topside ship design should be designed that at least there is turbulence on the flight deck. Today, Trimaran for use in military industry with unusual attention Pavements have been. The most complex matters, which is angled topside addition to complying with the requirements of stealth, must create the best one on the flight deck. First, to select the correct flow forecasting Model in turbulent flow, flow Modeling was evaluated on a staircase. Six basic geometry was changed in the geometry in order to reduce the separation zone and helicopter landing zone were analyzed together finally, the best geometry on the deck of one flow-based product.

This paper presents the numerical analysis of seismic soil-pile-Superstructure interaction in soft clay using free-field soil analysis and beam on Winkler foundation approach. This Model is developed to compute the nonlinear response of single piles under seismic loads, based on one-dimensional finite element formulation. The parameters of the proposed Model are calibrated by fitting the experimental data of large-scale seismic soil-pile-structure tests which were conducted on shaking table in UC Berkeley. A comparative evaluation of single piles shows that the results obtained from the proposed procedure are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Bridges constitute an expensive segment of construction projects; the optimization of their designs will affect their high cost. Segmental precast concrete bridges are one of the most commonly serviced bridges built for mid and long spans. Genetic algorithm is one of the most widely applied meta-heuristic algorithms due to its ability in optimizing cost. Next to providing cost optimization of these bridge types, the effects of each one of the main three selections, crossover and mutation operators are assessed, and the best operator is determined through the Taguchi experimental design. To validate the functionality of this algorithm, a bridge constructed in the city of Isfahan, Iran (completed in 2017) is optimized, a total of 13% reduction in cost and weight of its Superstructure is evident. The efficiency of applying the Taguchi method in determining the type of operators of the genetic algorithm is proved.

This study introduces an energy Superstructure for waste management in a large-scale farm. It selects the optimal technologies by optimizing the productivity factor and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission functions. The optimization results show that the optimal solution to maximize the efficiency factor is to use a biogas engine that produces a significant amount of 1695.825 GWh of electricity and 1893.11 GWh of heat in a year. Also, one of the advantages of this scenario is that it is economical and has a good return on investment, which attracts investors to it. On the other hand, the optimal solution to minimize GHG emissions do by using combined heat and power based on gas turbine and carbon capture storage; this scenario emits 114.585 Kton of carbon dioxide per year. It is worth noting that this amount, based on waste management, as well as electricity and heat production, reveals the high value of bioenergy potential.

The rise of the Seljuks and their persistence, especially in the Alps Arsalan and Malekshah, was effort by well-educated politicians such as Nizam al-Mulk al-Tusi and theologians such as Imam Mohammed al-Ghazali who first wrote the systemic and managerial section And second, the ideological section and discussions of government policy, and justice in Nasihat al-Muluk. This article seeks to answer the question of what was al-Ghazali's intention to write the Nasihat of al-Muluk. The findings show that the Seljuks, due to their lack of Muslim and kingdom history, proceeded in two ways that would not have been possible without the help of mirror writers: the emphasis on exemplifying the Iranian monarchy and insisting on the good faith of both Muslims. And it disrupts power against the Abbasid caliphate for the sake of the monarchy, and so al-Ghazali's transition from religious idealism to political realism becomes apparent. Ghazali not only attributes the power of the institution of monarchy to God, but also considers the existence of this fact to be necessary for the implementation of the law. In fact, the Shari'a Superstructure was Appearance, and the Iranian base underlying the bureaucracy and monarchy. This article aims to elaborate on Nasihat al-Muluk from the decisive aspect of Iranian politics with the help of the structurlism method and the theoretical framework of the " Ideological State Apparatuses ".